Refflection Example

Refflection Example Refflection – Book Report/Review Example Public Relation in Entrepreneurship Dutch explains public relations as activities that engage the buyer through communication tools. Such communication tools include annual reports, speeches, and news in special events (1). Public relation activities aim at giving the prospective buyer an opinion about a product. The direct benefit of public relation is that it establishes an emotion about a product that creates an attraction to the customer. Public relation (PR) can be useful in communicating directly with the customer, business leaders and government officials. PR uses the media to convey messages to the public and customers. PR activities build the brand of a product and influence sales indirectly. PR in combination with marketing can make a business successful. Marketing connects a product to the customer while PR provides methods that make the customer aware of the products (4).According to Dutch, public relations and advertising have certain differences relating to marketing (5 ). Public relation is a marketing tool that promotes a feeling about something and uses the media to fulfill this. It involves using a reporter to report a certain opinion and news coverage. Public relation consumers have a higher opinion and it works throughout to influence opinion. On the other hand, advertising is an engineered marketing message that attempts to sell a product. It involves paying for space or time in the media and the main goal is to sell a product. In advertising consumers are aware that the advertiser has complete control. It is immediate and creates specific response. Public relation and advertisement create attention and awareness to customers and promotes marketing. Besides the differences, PR is more effective in marketing than advertisement (Dutch 26). A good seller must have PR skills to be successful in marketing.Work CitedDutch, Alyson. A PR Handbook for Entrepreneurs. Malibu: Brown + Dutch Public Relations Inc., 2012.

Importance of Nonprofits in the current economy and society Research Paper

Importance of Nonprofits in the current economy and society - Research Paper Example sed level of production as the world economy gained from the effects of the second world war, coupled with the high technological adaptation changed the reasoning and thinking of most people in the world. As such, different cultures developed because of these factors. While discussing the counterculture movement of the 1960s, this paper will pay particular attention to the hippie movement, the new left movement and the women movement that led to the growth of feminism and equality among women and men. During the 1960s and the early 1970s, various political movements emerged in the west. Regarded as the new left, countries taking part in these movements advocated for political change their countries. These movements attracted mostly the middle class of the United States and the middle class. While most of the earlier movements advocated for labor changes in their countries, the new west movement advocated for social changes in the United States and other western countries (Roussopoulos 127). Particularly in the United States, mass campus protests and radical leftist movements characterized the New Left movement. The New Left movement also criticized the Old Left ideologies, which saw an increase in civil unrests in the United States. Due to the authoritarian leadership style that characterized the old left politics and organizational leadership, there was the need for a change. In order to end this, the New Left movement aimed at ending the period of authoritarian rule by advocati ng for democracy at both the national government and the organizational level. It is important to note that during the 1960s, there was a rapid growth in the middle class among the American population (Skrentny 66). Coming from the Second World War, the economy was undergoing dynamic changes, especially in the level of investment by the people and other government agencies. As such, jobs were easy to come across. The development in the countries, private sector, coupled by the increase in

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate Essay

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate the goals and actions of the main characters in Siddhart - Essay Example Another book crafted on the path of humanity and presented on a spiritual plane was the book â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Yukio Mishima. The book was published in the year 1956 and was translated into English later in the year of 1959 by Ivan Morris. The book is based loosely on the burning of the Golden Temple situated at Kinkaku-ji of Kyoto. The novel revolves round the obsession with the beauty and the growing urge to destroy it. Comparison between â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† The books â€Å"Siddhartha† by Hermann Hesse and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Mishima are similar in many aspects. The ages that are captivated in both the novels are very similar. Along with this, the context of the books, more precisely the spirituality encapsulated within the narrow framework of the plots involved in both the novels are presented in a similar way. Yet there are some differences in the presen tation of subtle and cosmic scheme of things operating on the paradoxical plane of psychology and spirituality in both the novels. This intricate and subtle difference sets the parameter on which comparison can be made between â€Å"Siddhartha† by Herman Hesse and Mishima authored â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion†. Stark comparison can be drawn from the thematic perspective of both the novels. The novels â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† present a psychological trajectory of their respective protagonist. This trajectory includes the crest and fall of emotion and is presented in both the novels at a different paradigm. This difference of presentation of psychological crest and fall frames the major difference on the thematic plane. The title of the novel, â€Å"Siddhartha† is a Sanskrit word which actually contains two different words, namely ‘siddha’ which means achievement and ‘artha’ w hich means wealth or meaning. Amalgamation of both the words into one stands for two meaning. At the first plane, it means ‘he who has discovered the meaning of existence’. Also, the meaning denotes, ‘one who has achieved or attained his goals’ (Boeree, 1999). Eventually the name of Buddha before the attainment of renunciation was Prince Siddhartha or Gautama. In the book Gautama is referred to as ‘Gotama’. The story of â€Å"Siddhartha† starts with the journey of Siddhartha along with his companion Govinda. Siddhartha, the son of the Brahmin, leaves his home to join the ascetics. They leave the home and set out for the quest of the enlightenment. The story is plotted against the background of ancient India somewhere between the 4th to 7th Century BC. Siddhartha leaves the materialist life but indulges into the pleasures of the world by becoming the trader of love and consequently again gets back to ascetic. This circle of consciousness completes as a comprehensive representation of the events that takes place consciously in human life as his experience. The fundamentals of human cognition like perception, participation and knowledge take place within the context of experience and experience of human being essentially involves the oscillation of emotions pertaining to pain and pleasures of human life (Archie, & Et. Al., 2004). In the Part One of the book, author describes the restless

The Beach Essay Example for Free

The Beach Essay On a hot summer day the best place to be is the Beach. Have you ever been so hot you could melt, and just want to play in the cold, salty ocean? I have! The best felling is the wet, grainy, sand between your toes. When you go to the beach all you see is the clear blue ocean, colorful umbrellas, and the silky white seagulls. But be careful, the seagulls will eat your food right out of your hands! Who doesn’t like the beach? If youre looking for a quiet relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. Though out the day all you hear are the clear blue wave’s crash against the rough yellow sand, the loud motors of the boats, and the laughter of children everywhere. But in the morning or at night the beach could be quite relaxing. If you want to just relax and watch the beautiful sunrise, while the breeze blows your hair back the beach in the morning is perfect for you. The beach has many different interesting smells. There’s the smell of fruity coconut suntan lotion, the salty ocean, and the smell of delicious smores being roasted over the fire. At the beach you can also smell the dirty fish in the sea. With the bright sun shining down on you, you will forget all about the bad smelling fish. Other than the smell of fish all the other smells are really delightful. I love the beach! All of the smells, sights and felling of being at the beach are the best. The beach is a lot of fun. It is also a good place to go with your family and friends. As you can see there are a lot of good things about the beach. If you have never been to the beach you don’t know what you’re missing. Alexis Gonzalez

School Uniforms Essay -- essays research papers

John Doe walks into a skyscraper, confident and well groomed wearing a tie, suit, and dress shoes. His confidence moves him forward, as he enters an elevator going up to the 23rd floor. He approaches his first job interview since leaving Jesuit Prep: McAllen & McAllen Law. This well groomed man graduated from Jesuit prep, which had a dress code and hair restrictions. This dress code and hair restrictions evolved young men into mature adults over a 4 year period at Jesuit. The dress code and hair restrictions play a vital role for our future as they build class integration, increase our image in the community, and dress the students for business, not play. Jesuit Prep needs to continue this vital dress code and hair restrictions for the future.Having a school full of students wearing the same clothes and hairstyles helps build an integration within the class. Students that wear many different styles of clothes all come together wearing similar pants, shirts, ties, and shoes. Through a dress code and hair restrictions, everyone is helped to be made more comfortable by wearing similar clothes, otherwise, people may feel alienated with less trendy or "cool" clothes. Hairstyles help ease this integration as well by giving each person similar styles making everyone feel more at ease. The overall integration helps the students realize that although people may look similar, the idea that everyone exhibits will be greatly different. These different ideas are present...

Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care Essay

The influence of individuals The key principals of the learning theory is when a child sees certain displays or acts of behaviour, that they are more likely to copy it. He argued that we learn through a process of imitating role models, but that we also imitate the actions that are seen that could be a possible interest. (Bandura, 1961) conducted a study to investigate if social behaviours such as aggression can be acquired by imitation. Bandura tested 36 boys and girls from the Stanford University Nursery School with children between 3 to 6 years old. The role models were one male adult and one female adult. Bandura then arranged for 24 of the boys and girls to watch a male or female model behaving aggressively towards a toy known as the bobo doll. The adults began to attack the doll in a distinctive manner, throwing the doll in the air and shouting. The researchers pre- tested the children for how aggressive they were by observing the children in the nursery and judged their aggressive behaviour on four five p oint rating scales. It was then possible for the children in the groups to be matched so that they had similar levels of aggression within their everyday behaviour. The children were then tested individually through three stages, which consists of modelling, which is studied as observational learning, as one needs to be paying attention, being able to store information effectively, and reproduction, which involves performing he behaviour that has been observed. Further practise of this skill will then lead to improvement and skill advancement. In stage two (Aggression Arousal) the child is then subjected to ‘mild aggression arousal’, which is when the child is taken to a room with relatively attractive toys. As soon as the child starts to play with the toys the experimenter tells the child that these were the experimenter’s very best toys and she had decided to reserve them for the other children. The final key stage is being tested for delayed imitation, which consisted of taking the children into a room with a number of aggressive toys consisting of mallets, tether balls, dart guns, and the Bobo Doll. The room also includes several non – aggressive toys, including crayons, paper, dolls, plastic animals and trucks. The children were then allowed to play in this room for  a period of 20 minutes while raters observed each child’s behaviour from behind a one way mirror and judged each child’s levels of aggression. This is the process of testing the individual on how much information has been previously retained, and how they transfer this information. The findings from this and similar studies have been used in the argument that media violence might be contributing in some degree to violence in society. The obvious criticism of this argument is that there are many other factors influencing whether or not we are likely to imitate screen violence. One of the major factors also is perhaps the level of aggression we already have, which might have been learned, in our family relationships or elsewhere. Social Learning Theory has also been used to explain the so-called ‘cycle of violence’, or more technically ‘the inter-generational transmission of aggression’. The basic idea is that if one has been the victim of (physical) abuse as a child, you are more likely to be an abusing parent than if you haven’t. It also increases the chances that you will be a wife – or a husband – â€Å"batterer†. It is also important to note that such early experiences make it more probable that people will become more aggressive but it is never certain, or inevitable. In addition to influencing other psychologists, Bandura’s social learning theory has had important implication in the field of education. Today, both teachers and parents recognize the importance of modelling appropriate behaviours. Other classroom strategies such as encouraging children and building self-efficacy are also rooted in social learning theory. The statement â€Å"Children who witness domestic violence are at increased risk of having abusive relationships as adults, researchers have found.† (BBC,2003) is based on the process of modeling, as the children who are susceptible to violence and abuse are more likely to take in what has been done and copy the behaviour. I personally think that Health and Social Care Services could not be able to target this on-going problem, because I feel that child abuse and domestic violence can still happen behind closed doors, when not reported, or when no tell-tale signs are shown. I feel that the Social Services could target this  problem more accurately by advertising it more, and spreading the word that it is okay to speak out. Charities such as NSPCC and NCDV help those who are being abused, or witnessing abuse. Other projects such as enlisting in more guest speakers to speak to children in schools about abuse or domestic violence, and how it can affect individuals around them. I think there should also be more counsellors enlisted in schools, to assist and assure pupils or children who are being abused that they have someone to speak to about their problems. Counselling sessions should also made widely available for groups of women who are experiencing domestic abuse, to come forward and know that they are not alone, because they do not deserve to suffer in silence. More family inspections should be carried out, as these can give away vital signs of abuse, so it is often critical that the services carry out these checks. The Social can also target this problem by urging schools or teachers who know of any child who is being abused to come forward. Doing all of the above will significantly help the increasing levels of children who are witnesses of domestic violence, and hopefully create a slightly safer environment for victims or witnesses and decrease the amount of domestic violence which occurs in the home. Campaigns The first campaign I am going to be analysing is the â€Å"Stop Knife Crime† campaign, launched in 2008, which was endorsed by David Beckham, Rio Ferdinand and David James, who are all football greats, and role models to many who are interested in the sports or football sector. This particular promotion has used these role models by photographing them holding up signs, which endorse the campaign’s slogan, â€Å"Stop Knife Crime, it doesn’t have to happen†. Also, the use of Beckham and Rio Ferdinand having encountered a knife crime experience, further adds to them being role models, as they can relate and understand the dangers of this topic more, and broadcast their understanding to the public. There was a 10% decrease in knife crime rates in London after this campaign. Funding was also being contributed to pay for 85 more portable search arches and 566 church wands to allow more operations to take place. The second campaign I am going to be analysing is a Weight Watchers campaign, endorsed by Jenifer Hudson, who managed to lose more than 80 pounds, going from a size 16/18 to a size 8. This particular promotion has used Jennifer as a role model because she is a successful singer, and she can relate and understand the situations that those who are trying to lose weight are going through. The campaign have further endorsed this by photographing her in pretty, glamorous outfits with slogans such as â€Å"I believe in WeightWatchers† and â€Å"I lost with WeightWatchers and I feel stronger than ever†, which would make women want to be or look just like her. WeightWatchers were successful with their promotion using Jenifer Hudson, as they had an increase in memberships in 2013. Application of the psychodynamic perspective The key contributors to this psychodynamic approach are Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Carl Rogers. The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality. Anxiety is a disorder, and is according to (nhs.co.uk) â€Å" A feeling of unease, fear, or worry, that can be mild or severe†. Anxiety is something that everyone can also experience from time to time, without being given a diagnosis of it. Most people can relate to feeling tense and uncertain, and worrying about for example, going for a job interview. One may be worried about feeling uncomfortable, appearing foolish, or in how successful they will be. In turn, these worries can affect one’s sleep, appetite and ability to concentrate. Someone may experience anxiety for no reason because maternal conflicts can make a person feel anxious. In Freud’s view, anxiety arises when the ego cannot adequately balance the demands of the id and the superego, and the id begins to demand gratification of it’s impulses, and the superego demands maintenance of it’s moral standards. Some of the ways one can use to control their anxiety vary, as methods such as writing down any worries or concerns one might have, on a laptop, on a phone, or on paper. Also, by beginning to accept uncertainty could help one’s understanding that life’s problems do not require immediate solutions. By also doing things such as practising relaxation techniques, adapting healthy eating habits, reducing alcohol and nicotine intake, exercising regularly and getting enough sleep, could also help control anxiety. Application of the Humanist Perspective They key contributors to the Humanist Perspective were Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. The key concepts to this psychological approach are that humanistic psychologists study human behaviour, not only through the eyes of the observer, but also through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. The model of counselling developed by Carl Rogers was based on the psychological environment described as being one where a person felt free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who could have been deeply empathetic, accepting, and genuine. Empathy is defined by (google.com) as â€Å"The ability to understand and share the feelings of another†. An example that I have picked up on, or felt when someone has been empathetic towards me, is when I ask my best friends for my advice on a situation, and they are very understanding and listen to what I am telling them, by showing me actions of empathy, such as for example, nodding, saying â€Å"yeah† and â€Å"mm hmm†, which are general empathetic indicators. Active listening is not just about taking information in and processing it, but it is also our physical demeanour and body language. Egan (1986) devised five key components, which contribute to active listening, which goes back to the â€Å"SOLER† process. By inputting SOLER into active listening, an approach can be adapted with friends, family, or even colleagues The SOLER process can be interpreted to active listening in the following steps: S – Sit straight (this is important in conveying the message that ‘I am here with you’) O – Open posture (indicating openness to listening to anything that the speaker chooses to share) L – Lean forward (indicating an interest in the speaker’s words) E – Eye contact (another way of expressing interest and reassurance) R – Relax (a relaxed posture puts the speaker at ease). Applications of the Cognitive Perspective The key contributors to this particular theory were Ulric Neisser, Jean Piaget and Edward.C Tolman. The key concepts within this approach is that this perspective applies a nomothetic approach, which is an approach to research that seeks to establish broad generalizations or laws that apply to large groups of individuals to discover human cognitive processes, but has also adopted idiographic techniques through using case studies. Typically, cognitive theorists use the laboratory experiment to study behaviour. This is because the cognitive approach is a scientific approach. CBT is a form of talking theory that combines cognitive therapy and behaviour therapy. It focuses on how one thinks about the things going on in their life – their thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes, or cognitive processes, and how this impacts the way one will behave and deal with one’s emotional problems. It then looks at how one can then change the way they behave and deal with emotional problems. It then looks at how one can change any negative patterns of thinking or behaviour that may be causing difficulties. In turn, this can also change the way one feels. CBT can help one understand that this is what is going on and can help to step outside of automatic negative thoughts. By continuing to think and behave negatively, one will not have the chance to find out that their thinking and prediction may actually be wrong. Instead, the way one thinks  and acts can lead oneself to be more convinced that what they are thinking is true, which therefore breaks the cognitive triad. By using the CBT method, one will learn to recognise how they think, behave and feel, and also encouraged to check out other ways of thinking and behaving that may be more useful. A PTSD, better known as post-traumatic stress disorder, is an anxiety disorder caused by very stressful, frightening or distressing events, such as serious road accidents, violent personal assaults, prolonged sexual abuse, witnessing violent deaths, military combat, being held hostage, terrorist attacks, or natural disasters. Some of the symptoms associated with a PTSD will often relive the traumatic event that they went through, through nightmares and flashbacks, and may experience feelings of isolation, irritability and guilt. They may also have problems sleeping, such as insomnia, and find may find concentrating difficult. These symptoms are often quite severe and persistent enough to have a significant impact on one’s day to day life. CBT can be applied to treat PSD by using one of the various, but most preferred method, which is known as deep- diagraphamatic breathing, which is taught to patients as a quick method to calm the patient prior to and during real life exposure to the patient’s most – feared situation, for example, like starting to drive again after a lengthy period of avoidance, which could be brought on my their PTSD. Application of the Biological Perspective The key ideas or concept within the biological approach consist of three main components, which are the Physiology – which is how the nervous system and hormones work, how the brain functions, and how changes in structure or function can affect behaviour. Then there is the investigation of inheritance, which is what an organism inherits from its parents, better known as genetics, and finally, there is the comparative method, which involves studying different species of animal and studying and transferring these ideas to the analysis of human behaviour The biological approach was effective when looking at the study of children because all development within children tends to take place according to a biological plan, and by studying the physiological aspects of a child’s brain and how it works and progresses, and their inheritance, by studying them and their parents to see what has been inherited and link this to their developmental progress. Sources Used: Bandura, A., Ross, D. & Ross, S.A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-82. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/pages/introduction.aspx http://www.simplypsychology.org/bobo-doll.html http://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html http://www.holah.karoo.net/bandurastudy.html http://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/cognitive-behaviour-therapy/#.UthsQmTV9es http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/youthandthelaw/roots/volume5/chapter08_social_learning.aspx http://www.helpguide.org/mental/anxiety_types_symptoms_treatment.htm http://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism.htm http://www.simplypsychology.org/Systematic-Desensitisation.html http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anxiety/Pages/Introduction.aspx http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/personality/section2.rhtml http://www.bapca.org.uk/about/what-is-it.html http://healthpsychologyconsultancy.wordpress.com/2011/08/25/active-listening-through-body-language/ http://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counselloradvice36.html http://www.simplypsychology.org/biological-psychology.html

Financial Crisis Related On The Subprime Mortgage Market...

b. RELIANCE Another component of fraud crimes is reliance. For the government to prevail on fraud charges, it has to establish reasonable reliance on the alleged misrepresentations or omissions. Most financial crisis related investigations focused on mortgage backed securities that banks sold consisted of subprime mortgages that are doomed to be defaulted. The misrepresentation argument goes that banks failed to disclose the low quality of the mortgages and substantial risks of default that are associated with them. However, banks can conveniently raise the defense that the securities are sold to sophisticated investors, such as pension funds and mutual funds, who could have known what was going on in the subprime mortgage market and†¦show more content†¦The court found that as a sophisticated participant in the financial market, the buyer should have, and easily could have, protected itself from misrepresentation by demanding that it see the report prior to a closing. Therefore, it seems that the context of the transaction does not play into government’s favor. 5. Institutional Failures The current institutional set up and operations also contributed to the lack of prosecutions against bank executives regarding their wrongdoings leading to the financial crisis. First, regulators and agencies are short staffed. Second, regulators and agencies determined other types of prosecutions as their priorities over financial crisis related investigations. Third, there is the lacking in coordination between regulators and a consolidated national task force focusing on the criminal prosecutions related to financial crisis. a. Short Staffed It is notable about the number of staff and funding has been allocated to investigating banks and bank executives: not many. Judge Rakoff noted that FBI had more than one thousand agents assigned to investigating financial frauds before September 11 and only had 120 agents reviewing more than 50,000 mortgage fraud reports filed by banks in the years leading to the financial crisis. Funding wise, although the Fraud Enforcement and